Tables of Declensions and Conjugations in Russian

Tables of Declensions and Conjugations in Russian

Russian grammar includes various systems of declension (for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns) and conjugation (for verbs). Below are the key tables that illustrate these patterns for different categories.


1. Noun Declensions

Russian nouns decline based on gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional). Below are the declension patterns for each gender.

Masculine Noun Declension:

Example: стол (table)

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeстолстолы
Genitiveстоластолов
Dativeстолустолам
Accusativeстолстолы
Instrumentalстоломстолами
Prepositionalстолестолах

Feminine Noun Declension:

Example: книга (book)

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeкнигакниги
Genitiveкнигикниг
Dativeкнигекнигам
Accusativeкнигукниги
Instrumentalкнигойкнигами
Prepositionalкнигекнигах

Neuter Noun Declension:

Example: окно (window)

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeокноокна
Genitiveокнаокон
Dativeокнуокнам
Accusativeокноокна
Instrumentalокномокнами
Prepositionalокнеокнах

2. Adjective Declensions

Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. Below is an example of adjective declension for the adjective хороший (good).

Masculine Adjective Declension:

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeхорошийхорошие
Genitiveхорошегохороших
Dativeхорошемухорошим
Accusativeхорошийхорошие
Instrumentalхорошимхорошими
Prepositionalхорошемхороших

Feminine Adjective Declension:

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeхорошаяхорошие
Genitiveхорошейхороших
Dativeхорошейхорошим
Accusativeхорошуюхорошие
Instrumentalхорошейхорошими
Prepositionalхорошейхороших

Neuter Adjective Declension:

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeхорошеехорошие
Genitiveхорошегохороших
Dativeхорошемухорошим
Accusativeхорошеехорошие
Instrumentalхорошимхорошими
Prepositionalхорошемхороших

3. Pronoun Declensions

Pronouns also decline according to case, gender, and number. Below is an example of personal pronouns.

Personal Pronouns Declension:

Case1st Person Singular2nd Person Singular3rd Person Singular (Masc.)3rd Person Singular (Fem.)3rd Person Singular (Neut.)
Nominativeя (I)ты (you)он (he)она (she)оно (it)
Genitiveменя (me)тебя (you)его (him)её (her)его (it)
Dativeмне (to me)тебе (to you)ему (to him)ей (to her)ему (to it)
Accusativeменя (me)тебя (you)его (him)её (her)его (it)
Instrumentalмной (with me)тобой (with you)им (with him)ей (with her)им (with it)
Prepositionalобо мне (about me)о тебе (about you)о нём (about him)о ней (about her)о нём (about it)

4. Verb Conjugations

Verbs in Russian are conjugated based on tense, person, and aspect (imperfective or perfective). Below are examples of verb conjugation for both regular and irregular verbs.

Regular Verb Conjugation Example: «делать» (to do)

Tense1st Person Singular2nd Person Singular3rd Person Singular1st Person Plural2nd Person Plural3rd Person Plural
Presentделаюделаешьделаетделаемделаетеделают
Pastделал/делаладелал/делаладелал/делаладелалиделалиделали
Futureбуду делатьбудешь делатьбудет делатьбудем делатьбудете делатьбудут делать

Irregular Verb Conjugation Example: «быть» (to be)

Present Tense is used only with the verb есть (there is).

PersonConjugationTranslation
Я (I)естьthere is/are
Ты (you, informal)естьthere is/are
Он/Она/Оно (he/she/it)естьthere is/are
Мы (we)естьthere are
Вы (you, formal/plural)естьthere are
Они (they)естьthere are

Past Tense:

PersonConjugationTranslation
Я (I)был/былаI was (masc./fem.)
Ты (you, informal)был/былаyou were (masc./fem.)
Он/Она/Оно (he/she/it)был/была/былоhe/she/it was
Мы (we)былиwe were
Вы (you, formal/plural)былиyou were
Они (they)былиthey were

Conclusion

The declension and conjugation of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs in Russian are crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences. Understanding the specific patterns for each category allows for more fluid communication and helps avoid common mistakes in Russian grammar. By practicing these tables and conjugation patterns, learners can gradually master Russian sentence construction.


You may also like:



Добавить комментарий

Ваш адрес email не будет опубликован. Обязательные поля помечены *