Tables of Declensions and Conjugations in Russian

Russian grammar includes various systems of declension (for nouns, adjectives, and pronouns) and conjugation (for verbs). Below are the key tables that illustrate these patterns for different categories.
1. Noun Declensions
Russian nouns decline based on gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional). Below are the declension patterns for each gender.
Masculine Noun Declension:
Example: стол (table)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | стол | столы |
Genitive | стола | столов |
Dative | столу | столам |
Accusative | стол | столы |
Instrumental | столом | столами |
Prepositional | столе | столах |
Feminine Noun Declension:
Example: книга (book)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | книга | книги |
Genitive | книги | книг |
Dative | книге | книгам |
Accusative | книгу | книги |
Instrumental | книгой | книгами |
Prepositional | книге | книгах |
Neuter Noun Declension:
Example: окно (window)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | окно | окна |
Genitive | окна | окон |
Dative | окну | окнам |
Accusative | окно | окна |
Instrumental | окном | окнами |
Prepositional | окне | окнах |
2. Adjective Declensions
Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. Below is an example of adjective declension for the adjective хороший (good).
Masculine Adjective Declension:
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | хороший | хорошие |
Genitive | хорошего | хороших |
Dative | хорошему | хорошим |
Accusative | хороший | хорошие |
Instrumental | хорошим | хорошими |
Prepositional | хорошем | хороших |
Feminine Adjective Declension:
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | хорошая | хорошие |
Genitive | хорошей | хороших |
Dative | хорошей | хорошим |
Accusative | хорошую | хорошие |
Instrumental | хорошей | хорошими |
Prepositional | хорошей | хороших |
Neuter Adjective Declension:
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | хорошее | хорошие |
Genitive | хорошего | хороших |
Dative | хорошему | хорошим |
Accusative | хорошее | хорошие |
Instrumental | хорошим | хорошими |
Prepositional | хорошем | хороших |
3. Pronoun Declensions
Pronouns also decline according to case, gender, and number. Below is an example of personal pronouns.
Personal Pronouns Declension:
Case | 1st Person Singular | 2nd Person Singular | 3rd Person Singular (Masc.) | 3rd Person Singular (Fem.) | 3rd Person Singular (Neut.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | я (I) | ты (you) | он (he) | она (she) | оно (it) |
Genitive | меня (me) | тебя (you) | его (him) | её (her) | его (it) |
Dative | мне (to me) | тебе (to you) | ему (to him) | ей (to her) | ему (to it) |
Accusative | меня (me) | тебя (you) | его (him) | её (her) | его (it) |
Instrumental | мной (with me) | тобой (with you) | им (with him) | ей (with her) | им (with it) |
Prepositional | обо мне (about me) | о тебе (about you) | о нём (about him) | о ней (about her) | о нём (about it) |
4. Verb Conjugations
Verbs in Russian are conjugated based on tense, person, and aspect (imperfective or perfective). Below are examples of verb conjugation for both regular and irregular verbs.
Regular Verb Conjugation Example: «делать» (to do)
Tense | 1st Person Singular | 2nd Person Singular | 3rd Person Singular | 1st Person Plural | 2nd Person Plural | 3rd Person Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | делаю | делаешь | делает | делаем | делаете | делают |
Past | делал/делала | делал/делала | делал/делала | делали | делали | делали |
Future | буду делать | будешь делать | будет делать | будем делать | будете делать | будут делать |
Irregular Verb Conjugation Example: «быть» (to be)
Present Tense is used only with the verb есть (there is).
Person | Conjugation | Translation |
---|---|---|
Я (I) | есть | there is/are |
Ты (you, informal) | есть | there is/are |
Он/Она/Оно (he/she/it) | есть | there is/are |
Мы (we) | есть | there are |
Вы (you, formal/plural) | есть | there are |
Они (they) | есть | there are |
Past Tense:
Person | Conjugation | Translation |
---|---|---|
Я (I) | был/была | I was (masc./fem.) |
Ты (you, informal) | был/была | you were (masc./fem.) |
Он/Она/Оно (he/she/it) | был/была/было | he/she/it was |
Мы (we) | были | we were |
Вы (you, formal/plural) | были | you were |
Они (they) | были | they were |
Conclusion
The declension and conjugation of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs in Russian are crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences. Understanding the specific patterns for each category allows for more fluid communication and helps avoid common mistakes in Russian grammar. By practicing these tables and conjugation patterns, learners can gradually master Russian sentence construction.